IGNOU MCS-023-Introduction to Database Management Systems, Latest Solved Assignment (July 2023 - January 2024 )

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Q.2. A bookshop has a huge collection of books to sell them online and therefore requires a database to track its sales. For each book they store the Title, Author(s), name, Publisher, Volume, ISBN No., Price, Stock (no. of copies), Year of publication , etc. To help the customers to search the book, they require that each book is assigned to one or more categories such as Engineering, Sciences, Fiction, Literature, Applications, etc. If at all, any discounts that are there for certain books, need to be notified on the site (best-buy offer). To buy a book, a customer needs to register on the site. Also it maintains the profile of the user and also their earlier purchases. The bookshop also sends "Newsletter" to all the registered users to update them about the publications.

Identify the entities, relationships, constraints and cardinality and construct an ER diagram for the above mentioned specifications. List your assumptions and clearly indicate the cardinality mappings as well as any role indicators in your ER diagram.

Ans. Based on the specifications provided, we can identify the following entities, relationships, and constraints:

Entities:

  1. Book: Contains attributes such as Title, Author(s), Publisher, Volume, ISBN No., Price, Stock, Year of Publication.
  2. Category: Represents different categories like Engineering, Sciences, Fiction, Literature, Applications, etc.
  3. Discount: Holds information about discounts on specific books (Best-Buy Offers).
  4. Customer/User: Stores information about registered users, including their profile details.
  5. Purchase: Records the information about user’s earlier purchases.
  6. Purchase: Records the information about user’s earlier purchases.

Relationships and Constraints:

  1. A Book can belong to one or more Categories.
  2. A Book can have zero or more Discounts.
  3. A Customer can have multiple Purchases (one-to-many relationship).
  4. A Customer can receive multiple Newsletters (one-to-many relationship).

Assumptions:

  1. Each Book can belong to at least one Category.
  2. Discounts are associated with individual Books.
  3. Customers can purchase multiple copies of the same Book in a single Purchase.
  4. Each Purchase is associated with one Customer.  
  5. Newsletters are sent to all registered Customers.

Cardinality and Role Indicators:

– Book to Category: Many-to-Many (M:N)
– Book to Discount: One-to-Many (1:N)
– Customer to Purchase: One-to-Many (1:N)
– Customer to Newsletter: One-to-Many (1:N)

Based on these observations, here’s the simplified ER diagram:

+—————-+
| Category |
+—————-+
| CategoryID (PK)|
| Name |
+—————-+
| |
| |
M:N | | M:N
| |
+—————-+
| Book |
+—————-+
| ISBN (PK) |
| Title |
| Author(s) |
| Publisher |
| Volume |
| Price |
| Stock |
| YearOfPub |
+—————-+
| | |
| | |

| |1:N |
| | |
| | |
+—————-+
| Discount |
+—————-+
| DiscountID (PK)|
| BookISBN (FK) |
| DiscountAmount|
+—————-+
|
|
1:N |
|
+—————-+
| Customer |
+—————-+
| UserID (PK) |
| Name |
| Email |
| Address |
+—————-+
|
|
1:N |
|
+—————-+
| Purchase |
+—————-+

| PurchaseID (PK)|
| UserID (FK) |
| BookISBN (FK) |
| Quantity |
| PurchaseDate |
+—————-+
|
|
|
|
|
+—————-+
| Newsletter |
+—————-+
| NewsletterID (PK)|
| UserID (FK) |
| Content |
| SendDate |
+—————-+

Please note that this is a simplified representation, and real-world systems might have additional attributes and complexities. Also, the diagram doesn’t include attributes like” Profile details” for customers, as they are not specified in the initial requirements.

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